How can I derive the Van der Waals equation?
To begin with, the van der Waals equation appears as follows:
where
It can be obtained by beginning with the ideal gas law:
However, the actual derivation is fairly involved, so we will approach it more conceptually rather than fully.
Consequently, the initial portion becomes:
This should demonstrate that:
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To derive the Van der Waals equation, start with the ideal gas law, then incorporate corrections for the volume occupied by gas molecules and intermolecular forces. Begin with the ideal gas law ( PV = nRT ), where ( P ) is pressure, ( V ) is volume, ( n ) is the number of moles, ( R ) is the gas constant, and ( T ) is temperature. Then introduce corrections for the volume occupied by gas molecules and intermolecular forces using ( V - nb ) instead of ( V ) and ( P + \frac{an^2}{V^2} ) instead of ( P ), where ( a ) and ( b ) are constants specific to each gas. This yields the Van der Waals equation: ( \left(P + \frac{an^2}{V^2}\right)(V - nb) = nRT ).
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When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.
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