How can environmental change sometimes lead to adaptations and evolution, and other times lead to extinction?

For example, if there are ten yellow and ten green grasshoppers, the yellow ones will stand out more to a bird searching for grasshoppers, which will lead to the green grasshoppers becoming more common. Similarly, if an organism mutates or gains an advantage, it will still exist, but the bad mutations will cause the organism to go extinct.

Environmental change can lead to adaptations and evolution when species possess genetic variation that allows some individuals to survive and reproduce more successfully in the new environmental conditions. However, environmental change can also lead to extinction if the change occurs too rapidly or if species are unable to adapt quickly enough to the new conditions, leading to a loss of suitable habitat, food sources, or other essential resources. Additionally, environmental change can disrupt ecological interactions and lead to cascading effects throughout ecosystems, further increasing the risk of extinction for certain species.