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How can electronegativity be measured?

Answer 1

It's not quantified.

In fact, Linus Pauling made up the electronegativity of #4.0# for fluorine, and used a nice equation he figured out that uses experimentally-determined bond energies for the interactions of same and different bonding members to calculate the remaining electronegativities in reference to that of fluorine.

I've outlined his conclusions below:

/scratchpad/062c8620310f06cf38e8 over at https://tutor.hix.ai

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Answer 2

Nolan Allen

Electronegativity can be measured using various scales, such as the Pauling scale or the Mulliken scale. These scales assign numerical values to elements based on their ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond. Another method involves measuring the energy required to remove an electron from an atom, known as ionization energy, or the energy released when an atom gains an electron, known as electron affinity. Additionally, experimental techniques such as X-ray crystallography and spectroscopy can provide indirect measures of electronegativity by analyzing the behavior of atoms in chemical compounds.

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Answer from HIX Tutor

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.