How are transition metals related to gemstones?

link: gemstones/gemstones.html at scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek

Transition metals can absorb specific light wavelengths, which results in the distinctive colors of gemstones when they reflect or transmit light. In addition, certain gemstones have specific transition metal ions present in their crystal structures, which is why transition metals are frequently responsible for the vivid colors seen in gemstones.

Transition metals are often related to gemstones because they are responsible for the vibrant colors exhibited by many gemstones. Transition metals possess unique electronic configurations that allow them to absorb certain wavelengths of light, resulting in the characteristic colors of gemstones. For example, chromium imparts a red color to rubies, while iron and titanium contribute to the blue color of sapphires. These transition metal ions become incorporated into the crystal lattice of the gemstone during its formation, influencing its optical properties and giving rise to its distinctive coloration. Therefore, the presence of transition metals is closely associated with the formation and coloration of gemstones, making them essential components of many prized jewels.