How are DNA, chromosomes, genes, and alleles related?

Question

Madeline Andrews · Accepted Answer

Alleles are different forms of same gene.
Genes are linearly arranged on chromosomes.
Chromosomes contain genetic material of cell i.e. DNA. So chemically alleles, genes, chromosomes are all DNA !

Let us start the story at the level of an eukaryotic diploid cell. There is a nucleus, inside which you see chromosomes in pairs. These are called homologous pairs: they are in duplicate.
Each chromosome contains a linear DNA molecule, closely associated with histone proteins. DNA is genetic material, made of only four different nucleotides arranged in a double helix. It contains chemical codes which guide life processes, written by using those four letters.
Along the length of DNA molecule, only some stretches are 'meaningful' and are called genes. Hence, several genes are located on same chromosome. Homologous chromosomes carry same genes, generally in same order.
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Elias Aboujaoude · Answer

undefined DNA is the genetic material found in the nucleus of cells, organized into structures called chromosomes. Genes are segments of DNA that encode specific traits or functions. Alleles are different forms of a gene, located at the same position on homologous chromosomes. Thus, chromosomes contain DNA, which carries genes, and each gene may have different alleles.