How are amino acid sequences related to DNA?

Question

Logan Allen · Accepted Answer

Amino acid sequence of a protein is dictated by base sequences of nucleic acids (= DNA and RNA). Consequetive three bases (=codon) specify one amino acid.

To understand the concept begin with central dogma:

Also note structure of DNA, RNA and proteins so that you could relate them functionally.

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Connor Abernathy · Answer

undefined Amino acid sequences are related to DNA through the process of protein synthesis, which involves transcription and translation. During transcription, DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosomes. The mRNA sequence is complementary to the DNA sequence and serves as a template for protein synthesis. During translation, the mRNA is read by ribosomes, and transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring specific amino acids to the ribosome based on the codons (three-letter sequences) on the mRNA. These amino acids are then joined together in the order specified by the mRNA sequence to form a polypeptide chain, which folds into a specific three-dimensional structure to become a protein. Therefore, the sequence of amino acids in a protein is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA.