Do metals have localized electrons?

Answer 1

Yes they do.

Metal atoms contain electrons in their orbitals. When they undergo metallic bonding, only the electrons on the valent shell become delocalized or detached to form cations. The atoms still contain electrons that are 'localized', but just not on the valent shell.

The electron on the outermost shell becomes delocalized and enters the 'sea' of delocalized electrons within the metal lattice. The electrons on the other shells are unaffected so remain attached to the atom.

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Answer 2

Serenity Allen

Indeed, localized electrons exist in metals.

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Answer from HIX Tutor

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.