Are there stars outside the White Dwarfs, Main Sequence, and Giant and Supergiant? if so, what are they called?

Answer 1

Brown-Dwarfs, Black-Dwarfs, Red-Dwarfs, Neutron Stars.

Other kinds of stars include neutron stars, magnetars, brown dwarfs, hypothetical black dwarfs, red dwarfs, and pulsars.

A slightly hotter star would be a G-1, but the discovery of brown dwarfs took this list even further with type T, L, and Y brown dwarfs. Stars are normally categorized according to their temperatures with O being the hottest followed by B then A, F, G, K, and finally M. Our Sun is a type G-2 star.

A brown dwarf, such as Gliese-229B, will begin as a regular star but instead of continuing on, it will stop and cool down. Brown dwarfs are classified as failed stars because they are too large to be classified as planets but too small to be classified as stars. Astronomers believed that an object 75 times the mass of Jupiter would simply lack the mass needed to fuse hydrogen into helium.

Since it is believed that a White dwarf will cease to emit light and turn black after cooling down in approximately 100 billion years, Black dwarfs are hypothetical, meaning that no one has seen them yet. Additionally, because the universe is still very young in comparison to 100 billion years, it is nearly impossible to detect Black dwarfs.

The most prevalent type of stars in the universe are called red dwarfs; their small size and low temperature cause them to shine in the redder region of the visible spectrum. Red dwarfs are low mass stars, meaning that their fuel burns much more slowly than that of stars that are more massive than them. Red dwarfs are thought to have a trillion-year lifespan, and since the universe is still very young, no red dwarf has been observed to die. Proxima-Centauri, the closest red dwarf star to the Sun, is a red dwarf star located 4.25 light years away and has a surface temperature of roughly 2768.85 degrees Celsius.

The remnants of a massive star, a star whose core has 1.4–2.8 times the mass of the Sun, are known as neutron stars. When a supermassive star runs out of fuel after consuming hydrogen, helium, carbon, magnesium, neon, oxygen, and a host of other heavier elements, the star's inward acting gravity collapses the material onto its core, increasing the pressure inside and raising the temperature to the point where even electron degeneracy pressure is unable to stop the star from collapsing further. The star collapses even more until the pressure inside the core is sufficient to squeeze electrons and protons together to produce neutrons and neutrinos; eventually, the core is filled with neutrons and becomes stable, producing a neutral star.

Typically, neutron stars are magnetars and pulsars. A separate question will be required to provide a more detailed explanation of neutron stars. Pulsars are neutron stars that rotate quickly, about 100 times per second, and emit light beams.

Magnetars are neutron stars that have magnetic fields that are stronger than average.

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Answer 2

Neutron stars and black holes are stars that do not fit into the categories of white dwarfs, main sequence stars, giants, or supergiants. Neutron stars are very dense leftovers from massive stars that have experienced supernova explosions, while black holes are regions of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing can escape from them, not even light.

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Answer from HIX Tutor

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

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