A star has an apparent magnitude of 10 and an absolute magnitude of -5. How far away is it?

Question

Christopher Ales · Accepted Answer

The star is #10^(4)# parsecs away.

We know that the apparent magnitude #m_"app"# of an object tells us how bright that object will appear as observed from Earth. And the absolute magnitude #M_"abs"# of an object tells us how bright that object would appear when it is observed from a standard distance of 10 parsecs. Difference between apparent and absolute magnitudes of an object,#m_"app" – M_"abs"#, is called the distance modulus. Magnitude system is based on the response of the human eye which shows a logarithmic response. Also the magnitude system, a logarithmic scale, assumes that a factor of #100# in intensity corresponds exactly to a difference of #5# magnitudes. Therefore, we have this scale of base #100^(1/5) = 2.512#. For two stars #A and B# if there magnitudes and intensities are denoted by #m and I# respectively, we have the expression connecting both as #I_A / I_B = (2.512)^(m_B - m_A)# Taking the log of both sides and using #log_10 M^p = p log_10 M# we get #log_10(I_A / I_B) = (m_B - m_A) log_10 2.512# This is commonly expressed in the form #m_B - m_A = 2.5 log_10 (I_A / I_B)# ......(1) After comparing the intensities and magnitudes of two different stars as in equation (1), let's compare the intensities and magnitudes of the same star at two different distances. Since we know that the intensity of a light source follows the inverse square law of distances, (1) becomes #m_B - m_A = 2.5 log_10 (d_B / d_A)^2# #=>m_B - m_A = 5 log_10 (d_B / d_A)# When #d_A = 10 " pc"#, so that #m_A = M_"abs"#, and #d_B=d# be specified in pc, above equation reduces to #m_"app" - M_"abs" = 5 log_10 [ d / (10) ]# Above can be rewritten as #m_"app" - M_"abs" = -5 +5log_10 d# #=>d=10^((m_"app" - M_"abs"+5)/5)# .....(2) Inserting given values in (2) above we get #d=10^((10 -(-5)+5)/5)# #=>d=10^(4)" pc"#

Asher Cohen · Answer

undefined The formula to find the distance to the star is: Distance = 10 * (10^(0.2 * (apparent magnitude - absolute magnitude))) Substitute the given values: Distance = 10 * (10^(0.2 * (10 - (-5)))) First, calculate the expression inside the parentheses: 0.2 * (10 - (-5)) = 0.2 * (10 + 5) = 0.2 * 15 = 3; next, calculate 10^3: 10^3 = 1000; finally, multiply 10 by 1000: Distance = 10 * 1000 = 10,000 parsecs The star is 10,000 parsecs away.