How is nitric acid supplied, and how does it react with sulfuric acid?

Answer 1

#HNO_3(aq) + H_2O(l) rarr H_3O^+ + NO_3^-#

Concentrated nitric acid as supplied commercially has a density of #1.42# #g*cm^(-3)#, and has a concentration of #15# #mol*L^-1#. It is commonly used as a nitrating agent in organic chemistry in that its reactions with sulfuric acid produces the electrophilic nitrating agent #NO_2^+#, according to the following equation:
#H_2SO_4# #+# #HNO_3# #rarr# #NO_2^+ +HSO_4^-# #+ H_2O#
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Answer 2

Nitric acid is typically supplied as a concentrated aqueous solution, usually at concentrations of 68% nitric acid in water. When mixed with sulfuric acid, nitric acid reacts to form nitronium ions ((NO_2^+)), which are active species in the nitration process. The reaction is as follows:

[HNO_3 + 2 H_2SO_4 \rightarrow NO_2^+ + HSO_4^- + 2 H_2O]

The nitronium ion can then react with organic compounds to achieve nitration, such as in the production of nitrobenzene from benzene. This mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is known as "mixed acid" and is a key reagent in the industrial production of nitro compounds.

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Answer from HIX Tutor

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

When evaluating a one-sided limit, you need to be careful when a quantity is approaching zero since its sign is different depending on which way it is approaching zero from. Let us look at some examples.

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